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glad you said my name is Julie by shal

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I'm director of research at the wind

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bridge Institute and we're an

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independent research organization and so

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we we've we're about a year and a half

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old we've received a couple of small

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grants but we rely heavily on the public

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member support my PhD is in pharmacology

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and toxicology with a minor in

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microbiology and immunology so you can

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see how that clearly led right into a

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mediumship research and I I often get

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the question how how did I get from

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there to here and the short answer is I

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suffered a personal loss and wondered

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what science had to say about the

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afterlife and there not a whole lot was

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the answer and so I decided to answer my

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own questions and that's what led me

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here so a twin bridge this is our

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mission we investigate the capabilities

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of our bodies minds and spirits and how

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that and information Confessor of all

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living things the main focus of our

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research right now again we're just a

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year and a half old is the survival of

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consciousness and we use that word

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consciousness it's been defined a lot of

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different ways here this week to mean

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what we know when I think of me it's the

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me the self is how we're we're talking

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about consciousness so we investigate

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survival of consciousness and three main

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ways we work with mediums people who

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claim to talk to the dead we investigate

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allegedly haunted locations and we use

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we are looking into how technology can

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be used to interact with detect

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communicate with the deceased etc so

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today I'm just going to be talking about

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mediumship but we do all three of those

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things at one bridge so no doubt you've

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seen lots of mediums and such on TV and

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in the movies and it's it's very popular

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these days but the truth is people have

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been investigating mediumship some very

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very intelligent people have been

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investigating mediumship for well over a

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hundred years and if you're interested

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in this topic I highly recommend this

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book ghost town

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it's called by a Pulitzer prize-winning

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journalist deborah blum and it talks

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about the the beginnings of the

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societies for psychical research and

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their investigation of of mediums at the

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turn of the century so after a hundred

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years of mediumship research what we can

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conclude is what we call anomalous

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information reception so that's the

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theory that certain mediums can report

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accurate and specific information about

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the deceased loved loved ones excuse me

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who we call discarnates

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so not embodied carnot means flesh so

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not in the flesh the they can report

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information about the disc arnott's the

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loved ones of living people who the

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living people we call sitters without

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any prior knowledge about the disc on

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its or the sitters without using

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deception or fraud and with no feedback

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during the reading so they're reporting

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this information and it's accurate but

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we don't know where it comes from so

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it's anomalous this source so if if

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we've established that in the last

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hundred years why should we do

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mediumship research today so for a

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number of reasons

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today's mediums use an entirely through

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process than the medium studied at the

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beginning of the societies for psychical

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research those mediums were usually

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trance mediums they were basically

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unconscious during the readings and the

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entity took over the mediums body and

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used her voice to give the reading and

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she had no recollection of the reading

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after it was over our mediums that we

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use today we refer to as mental mediums

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and they remain awake and aware during

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the reading and have have a memory of

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that it happened the other thing is the

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the mediums that were studied in the

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past we're often

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spiritualist mediums and I refer to our

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meetings as nondenominational there's

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not a belief system associated with what

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they do also we're able to use more

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sophisticated and rigorous methods today

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than than a hundred years ago and there

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are important scientific and social

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implications for what we can find from

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this research for example it speaks

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directly to

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this question we've been talking a lot

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about this week the relationship between

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the mind or consciousness in the brain

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you know we've talked there's a lot of

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argument and consciousness research

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about where in the brain consciousness

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happens but survival and mediumship

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research imply it doesn't happen in the

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brain at all so it's it was it addresses

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that question specifically mediums might

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be able to perform socially useful tasks

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what if they can find missing persons

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what if they can contribute to criminal

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investigations we need to be able to

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understand how they're doing what

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they're doing in order to take advantage

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of that the dead might have wisdom to

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share with us that can help us address

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the problems of society and technology

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and that sort of thing evidence for an

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afterlife may be very comforting to

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hospice patients and their family you

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know I I say religion may comfort some

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people but science is going to be what

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comforts me at the end so and I assume

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there are other people like me out there

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evidence for life after death will also

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drastically change allopathic health

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care if we can convince allopathic

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physicians that death is just a

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transition and not the end it's not a

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failure

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we all die it's they didn't do anything

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wrong when a patient dies people die

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then we can we can make that transition

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easier for patients and I constantly

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lament the fact that we train our

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mothers to no end about how to give

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birth but we don't tell anybody how to

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die and there's lots we know about death

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and and it's process and so that's one

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of the the things that we're interested

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in is is making a change in in that

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policy in health care and then people

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who receive mediumship readings report

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feeling better so this may be mediumship

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readings may be a therapy that may be

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useful in grief counseling and I'm going

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to talk some more about that specific

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topic in a little while so how do we

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bring mediumship into the laboratory

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colored liquid in the test tube

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International symbol for laboratory

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there I've worked in lots of

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laboratories and I've never seen colored

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liquid anywhere all clear

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everything's clear so how do we bring

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mediums into the laboratory how do we

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get them out from behind their crystal

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balls and into the lab these are mediums

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they don't use crystal balls if you saw

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them in the grocery store you would

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never know they were mediums they're

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just normal you know moms and your

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neighbor and they're just regular people

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who happen to experience communication

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with the deceased so a twin broods our

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mediumship research has three main legs

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proof focus research process focus

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research and applied research and I'll

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talk about each of those in turn

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oh I included some comics so that I

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remember to get a drink otherwise I get

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cottonmouth Frog voice and no one with

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notice the crystal ball international

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symbol for medium like this so proof

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focus research is research directly

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intended to gather evidence either for

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or against testing a mediums claim that

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they can report after and specific

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information about the deceased to do

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that we want to make sure we include two

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equally important factors the first is a

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research environment that optimizes the

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process for everyone involved the

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hypothesize deceased person the medium

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the sitter and the experimenter if we're

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being selfish and I like to say you

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can't fit a football on a basketball

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court

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using baseball players and the rules for

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hockey and then say you've disproven the

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existence of football you have to study

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football on a football field with

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trained football players and the rules

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for football and so as we design

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experiments at wind bridge you know we

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what have we put the museum underwater

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okay that's not football anymore that

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never happens in a normal mediumship

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reading so we have to stick with what

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happens in nature in the mediumship

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reading or you're not studying

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mediumship anymore and the second factor

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our maximum experimental controls you

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have to eliminate any other explanation

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for what further for any positive

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results so the way that we do that we

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use these these six different methods

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the screening of the subjects mediums

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and sitters pairing of research readings

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pairing of the deceased a specific

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reading format or sorry protocol the

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formatting of the reading after the

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medium gives the reading and then the

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raters scoring of the reading and then

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the blinding that takes place in all

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that I'm gonna talk a little bit about

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those today but you can find them in a

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description of those methods in

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mind-numbing detail in this method from

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the journal parapsychology that came out

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last year and is available on our

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website so the first thing that I

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mentioned was screening so we screen our

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and certify our mediums before working

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with them in data collection and

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the end of the screening we call the

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wind bridge certified research mediums

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and you know around the lab we say well